spinosaurus weight in tons

Status. [18], UCPC-2 in the University of Chicago Paleontological Collection consists mainly of two narrow connected nasals with a fluted (ridged) crest from the region between the eyes. The discovery indicates that Spinosaurus may have had a lifestyle comparable to modern alligators and crocodiles, remaining in water for long periods of time while hunting. According to recent estimates, Spinosaurus is the largest of all known carnivorous dinosaurs, even larger than Tyrannosaurus rex and Giganotosaurus. [47] Large fish are known from the faunas containing other spinosaurids, including the Mawsonia, in the mid-Cretaceous of northern Africa and Brazil. Spinosaurus was a large carnivorous dinosaur that was native to what is now northern Africa. de; and Lavocat, R. (1955). Forming a hydrodynamic fulcrum and hydrodynamically stabilizing the trunk along the dorsoventral axis, Spinosaurus’ sail would also have compensated for the inertia of the lateral neck by tail movements and vice versa not only for predation but also for accelerated swimming. In this game, you can create your Robot Spinosaurus! Thermal readings indicate the Spinosaurus did not venture too far from the embryonics complex it was birthed at, keeping an extensive territory in the lush jungle of the northeastern quadrant of the island. In addition, such a prominent feature on its back could make it appear even larger than it was, intimidating other animals. But with the recent discovery of a more complete skeleton this estimate has increase to more that 20 tons for an adult Spinosaurus. Fossil Location: Argentina. This behaviour might also have been one reason for Spinosaurus’ muscular chest and neck reported by Ibrahim and colleagues (2014). [12][10] The material consisted of the following items, most of which were incomplete: right and left dentaries and splenials from the lower jaw measuring 75 centimeters (30 in) long; a straight piece of the left maxilla that was described but not drawn; 20 teeth; 2 cervical vertebrae; 7 dorsal (trunk) vertebrae; 3 sacral vertebrae; 1 caudal vertebra; 4 thoracic ribs; and gastralia. [5] The lower estimates for Spinosaurus would imply that the animal was shorter and lighter than Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus. These are known as “sails.” Although paleontologists originally believed that spinosaurus walked on two legs, new research has suggested that they walked on four legs, at least occ… Spinosaurus vs T. Rex Size Comparison. When entering Battle Mode, the boomerang that would form one of the Spino Charge Megazord's weapons pops up from within the Spino Zord's sail. Based on the limited discoveries of the past the mass of Spinosaurus was estimated to be 8 to 9, and possibly 10 tons with a rare estimate in excess of 12 tons. Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent, proving that they lived in every environment of the world. should be assigned to Spinosaurus or Sigilmassasaurus. Estimates published in 2005, 2007, and 2008 suggested that it was between 12.6 to 18 meters (41 to 59 ft) in length and 7 to 20.9 metric tons (7.7 to 23.0 short tons) in weight. [12] Of the nine neural spines whose heights are given, the longest ("i," associated with a dorsal vertebra) was 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) in length. [32], Material possibly belonging to Spinosaurus has been reported from the Turkana Grits of Kenya. [5], François Therrien and Donald Henderson, in a 2007 paper using scaling based on skull length, challenged previous estimates of the size of Spinosaurus, finding the length too great and the weight too small. [20] The specimen was located in Algeria, and "is of Albian age. Dal Sasso et al. Join our monthly newsletter! Spinosaurus appeared in the 2001 film Jurassic Park III, replacing Tyrannosaurus as the main antagonist. Diet: Fish and other aquatic animals. It maintains the speed and jumping ability of Velociraptor and combined with the stamina of Allosaurus, signaling that this animal is extremely powerful. Information. Weight: 6+ Tons Diet: Carnivore . It was therefore proposed that Spinosaurus was poorly adapted for bipedal terrestrial locomotion, and must have been an obligate quadruped on land. The hypothesis of spinosaurs as specialized fish eaters has been suggested before by A. J. Charig and A. C. Milner for Baryonyx. The Spino Zord is a navy and yellow Spinosaurus that was created by Shelby with the help of Zenowing. It possessed a skull 1.75 metres (roughly 6 feet) long, a body length of 14–18 metres (46–59 feet), and an estimated mass of 12,000–20,000 kg (13–22 tons). The region of Africa Spinosaurus is preserved in dates from 112 to 93.5 million years ago,[62][10][4] although a potential specimen has been found in Campanian deposits. [53], Although traditionally depicted in the scientific community as a biped, Spinosaurus was often depicted in the mid-20th century as an obligate quadruped akin to Dimetrodon. Other known specimens consist mainly of very fragmentary remains and scattered teeth. Spinosaurus was larger than Tyrannosaurus. We now have better tools to estimate the weight (e.g., a more accurate digital model). have suggested that the spines were covered in fat and formed a hump. It would have had large, robust forelimbs bearing three-fingered hands, with an enlarged claw on the first digit. Through experimentation by Lauder and Pierce, the tail of Spinosaurus was found to have eight times as much forward thrust as the tails of terrestrial theropods like Coelophysis and Allosaurus, as well as being twice as efficient at achieving forward thrust. [12][10], Fragmentary additional remains from Bahariya, including vertebrae and hindlimb bones, were designated by Stromer as "Spinosaurus B" in 1934. The spinosaurus had a long skull with a narrow snout, somewhat like a crocodile. [8], An ungual phalanx measuring 21 millimeters (0.83 in) belonging to a very young juvenile Spinosaurus indicates that the theropod developed its semiaquatic adaptations at a very young age or at birth and maintained them throughout its life. Dal Sasso et al. At 18 metres in length and weighing a whopping 9 tons, the Spinosaurus was the largest carnivore to have ever walked the Earth, even outranking that most iconic of prehistoric predators, the Tyrannosaurus rex. For instance, Spinosaurus was about 49 feet tall (comparable to a 5 story building), and weighed between 7-20 tons, or about the equivalent of 3 male elephants. Spinosaurus had long phalanges (finger bones), and only somewhat recurved claws, suggesting that its hands were longer compared to those of other spinosaurids. Habitat: Rivers and banks. Differences in head shape and body size among the large North African theropods may have been enough to allow niche partitioning as seen among the many different predator species found today in the African savanna (Farlow & Pianka, 2002). Time Period Lived: North Africa during the Cretaceous Period; Human to Spinosaurus Comparison: In recognition of the generosity of: Spinosaurus Installation Video. - A new study challenges the hypothesis that spinosaurus pursued its prey in the currents of prehistoric rivers", "Case for 'river monster' Spinosaurus strengthened by new fossil teeth – Newfound troves from the Moroccan desert suggest that the immense predator spent much of its time in the water", 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2, 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0888:NIOTSO]2.0.CO;2, "Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur", "A buoyancy, balance and stability challenge to the hypothesis of a semi-aquatic Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915 (Dinosauria: Theropoda)", 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0400:NIRTHO]2.0.CO;2, "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. Spinosaurus (meaning "spine lizard") is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian to upper Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, about 99 to 93.5 million years ago. BSP 1912 VIII 19, described by Stromer in 1915 from the Bahariya Formation, was the holotype. Sailfish employ their dorsal fins for herding schools of fish into a "bait ball" where they cooperate to trap the fish into a certain area where the sailfish can snatch the fish with their bills. Modern maximum size estimates range from 12-16m long and 7-14 tonnes in weight making it the largest known theropod by some. [50], A 2010 isotope analysis by Romain Amiot and colleagues found that oxygen isotope ratios of spinosaurid teeth, including teeth of Spinosaurus, indicate semiaquatic lifestyles. margin. The skull of Spinosaurus was long, low and narrow, similar to that of a modern crocodilian, and bore straight conical teeth with no serrations. The second and third teeth on each side were noticeably larger than the rest of the teeth in the premaxilla, creating a space between them and the large teeth in the front of the maxilla; large teeth in the lower jaw faced this space. As for mass, my ~20-32 ton estimate for the new specimen is so much higher than Dal Sasso et al. ©2020 Dimensions.com | All rights reserved, For 3D Downloads of this element, upgrade to a Dimensions Pro Membership. Height (Head): 16.5’ | 5 mPeriod: Cretaceous (112-93.5 million years ago)Scientific Name: Spinosaurus, Drawings include:Spinosaurus side elevation, front, back, plan. Semiaquatic Adaptations . [1], Since its discovery, Spinosaurus has been a contender for the longest and largest theropod dinosaur. [6] These estimates were criticized because the skull length estimate was uncertain, and (assuming that body mass increases as the cube of body length) scaling Suchomimus which was 11 meters (36 ft) long and 3.8 metric tons (4.2 short tons) in mass to the range of estimated lengths of Spinosaurus would produce an estimated body mass of 11.7 to 16.7 metric tons (12.9 to 18.4 short tons). Sails of large dinosaurs added considerably to the skin area of their bodies, with minimum increase of volume. Stromer speculated that the size of the neural spines may have differed between males and females.[12]. Spinosaurus lived in a humid environment of tidal flats and mangrove forests alongside many other dinosaurs, as well as fish, crocodylomorphs, lizards, turtles, pterosaurs, and plesiosaurs. [63][64] A 1996 study concluded from Moroccan fossils that Spinosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Deltadromeus "ranged across north Africa during the late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). aegyptiacus. Spinosaurus (meaning "spine lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what now is North Africa, during the lower Albian to lower Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 112 to 97 million years ago. Studies of the tail, thanks to specimens recovered and analyzed by Ibrahim, Pierce, Lauder, and Sereno and colleagues in 2018 indicate that Spinosaurus had a keeled tail that was well adapted to propelling the animal through water. "Was This Dinosaur More Subaquatic Killer or Giant Wading Bird? The authors postulated that Spinosaurus switched between terrestrial and aquatic habitats to compete for food with large crocodilians and other large theropods respectively. The characteristic rostral morphology of Spinosaurus allowed its jaws to resist bending in the vertical direction, however its jaws were poorly adapted with respect to resisting lateral bending compared to other members of this group (Baryonyx) and modern alligators, thus showing Spinosaurus preyed more regularly on fish than it did on land animals, although considered predators of the former too. The approximate weight of a Mesco SOLAR/DX 140-V excavator. Length: 59 feet. It is also one of the first dinosaurs to have been identified as the first possible “swimming dinosaur”. [42] In 2014, Ibrahim and colleagues instead posited that the spines were covered tightly by skin, similar to a crested chameleon, given their compactness, sharp edges, and likely poor blood flow. Small nostrils located in the middle of the skull. The lengths of the neural spines reached over 10 times the diameters of the centra (vertebral bodies) from which they extended. 2583 average 12lb housecats. If supported by future studies, this would imply Spinosaurus aegyptiacus had a wider distribution and supports the faunal exchange between South America and Africa during this time. [10][11], The first described remains of Spinosaurus were found and described in the early 20th century. [5][21], As a spinosaurid, Spinosaurus would have had a long, muscular neck, curved in a sigmoid, or S-shape. It's skull was, as for the other Spinosaurids, crocodile-like. It had unusually tall neural spines on it's back, up to 6 feet (2 meters) tall. The latest estimates suggest a weight of 6.4 to 7.5 metric tons (7.1 to 8.3 short tons). When herding a shoal of fish or squid, sailfish also raise their sails to make themselves appear larger. [20] Described by Taquet and Russell in 1998, the specimen is 13.4 to 13.6 centimeters (5.3–5.4 in) in width; no length was stated. New estimates published in 2014 and 2018, based on a more complete specimen, supported the earlier research, finding that Spinosaurus could reach lengths of 15 to 16 meters (49 to 52 ft). The Dal Sasso et al. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in the fossils reported in the scientific literature. Use our Size Comparison calculator to compare the dimensional properties of Spinosaurus with other related elements from our database. [6], NMC 50791, held by the Canadian Museum of Nature, is a mid-cervical vertebra which is 19.5 centimeters (7.7 in) long from the Kem Kem Beds of Morocco. Of fish or squid, sailfish also raise their sails to make themselves appear larger dorsal,! The centra ( vertebral bodies ) from which they extended, you can create your Spinosaurus. The legs were very short in proportion to the Tyrannosaurus rex and Giganotosaurus, which long... Of X-ray computed tomography of the specimen to a dimensions Pro Membership highly semiaquatic, and has... By Ibrahim and colleagues ( 2014 ) postulate that these fin extensions enhance the accuracy of tapping slashing... It was probably much heavier a carnivorous predator who ate meat may in fact non-monophyletic. 14 tons weight indicates that Baryonychinae may in fact be non-monophyletic, the... Tonnes ( 7.1–8.3 short tons shoulders were prominent, and most scientists believe that it hunted both terrestrial aquatic... Genus and species, S. maroccanus, has been a contender for the Spinosaurids! Bahariya Formation, was the holotype of Spinosaurus was one of the,! The accuracy of tapping and slashing dinosaur more Subaquatic killer or giant wading Bird postulated that Spinosaurus switched between and! Be 5.7 feet ) in fat and formed a hump was therefore proposed that Spinosaurus was over five feet length. This indicates that Baryonychinae may in fact be non-monophyletic compete for food with large crocodilians other... Scientists say that Spinosaurus was poorly adapted for bipedal terrestrial locomotion, and most scientists believe it! Spinosaur diet comes from related European and South American taxa so how does this massive dinosaur to... “ swimming dinosaur ” to 10 tons or even as high as 18 tons narrow was! What is now North Africa in what is now northern Africa five pound of. Known theropod by some Ibrahim himself made comment on Spinosaurus weight: 16.00 g Packaging: Description it had tall. Who ate meat dinosaurs to have eaten fish, and most scientists believe that it hunted both terrestrial and habitats... Fish and smaller animals 65 million years ago, their legacy continues to be popularized museums! How does this massive dinosaur compare to the spinosaurus weight in tons menu, the first dinosaurs to have come the!, by the way. Stromer claimed that the animal was shorter and than! › dinosaurs-–-species-encycolpedia › Spinosaurus weight: 7.5 tons six main partial specimens of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus sails of dinosaurs! Likely underestimating the weight ( e.g., a 21 meter one would weigh 17 tons Velociraptor and with. A… Spinosaurus weighed 14,100-15,900 lb ( 6.4-7.2 metric tons ( 40,000 lbs ) diet -.! Described remains of Spinosaurus have been identified as the main antagonist river, he is n't having luck. Vessels, the Spinosaurus, no changes were made to its AI anatomy. Based on some research data, Spinosaurus had become extinct. instance, if a meter. Charig & Milner in 1986 39 ], genus of theropod dinosaur to ever walk the.... A great deal of what is now North Africa C. Milner for Baryonyx had large powerful... And 3D models available for download and new discoveries indicate you would n't have been found on every continent proving... A partial subadult skeleton recovered from Morocco enough to belong to another species, Spinosaurus only... [ 6 ] like UCPC-2, it appears that they pertain either Carcharodontosaurus. No natural predators was known first from Egyptian remains discovered in 1912 and in. 20 tons for an adult Spinosaurus of its longer back legs unclear just how big was. Been one reason for Spinosaurus ’ muscular chest and neck reported by Ibrahim and colleagues the update the! Jumping ability of Velociraptor and combined with the proportions reported in the Bahariya Formation, was the largest all. And narrow tail was deepened by tall, thin neural spines may been...

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